Epimedium (Horny goat weed) has been used for over 2000 years in traditional Chinese medicine to support healthy sexual activity. The spiky nature of epimedium puts off most animals except goats, which absolutely love it. It was while observing the rampant sexual behaviour of these animals that therapists fully realised the benefits that the epimedium plant could offer.
Over the last two years, a number of studies have been conducted on epimedium in China. They suggest that its properties are due to the presence of a flavonoid, icariin, and have shown, in particular, that:

• in rabbits, epimedium extract relaxes the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum, suggesting a potential benefit in erectile dysfunction;
• in vitro and in rats, it has a probable anti-osteoporotic effect by inhibiting bone resorption and stimulating bone formation;
• in mice, it has potent anti-depressant properties.

Earlier studies concentrated on its tonic properties, particularly for the heart, kidneys and liver, as well as its sexual stimulant properties. They suggest that icariin enhances testosterone production. Epimedium also seems to stimulate nerves throughout the body, particularly in the genital area. It is also said to have anti-coagulant, hypotensive and vasodilatory properties as well as being able to improve immune system function.